Fire extinguishers are devices used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergencies. It’s not designed for fighting massive fires such as wildland fires. The word “extinguisher” may refer to any of the following:

• Small portable fire extinguishers consist of a high-pressure gas stored in a cylinder on wheels and an electrical actuation mechanism. These are commonly used on small cooking fires, deep fat fryers, and overheated oil fryers.
• Hand-held extinguishers are typically charged with carbon dioxide or ordinary fine dry powder fire extinguisher powder (based on sodium bicarbonate). The former has the advantage of not leaving a messy residue.

The fire needs three things: heat, fuel, and oxygen for the fire to burn. The extinguisher uses the heat of the fire to itself burn out so that no more energy can be burnt.

How does a handheld fire extinguisher work?

If you don’t know where the fire is, spray in all directions at once! Point the nozzle at the base of the fire, not at the flames. If you are in a smoke-filled room, it’s best to feel along the floor with your hand until you find where the fire is located.

Fire extinguishers are used for fighting small fires. When selecting an extinguisher, select one that anyone in the family can efficiently operate. For those with reduced mobility, larger wheeled extinguishers can be pulled along as needed. The “all-in-one” unit is available for apartments and condominiums – a fire extinguisher built into either a ceiling or wall mountable cabinet.

For maximum effectiveness, look for the class of extinguisher suitable for the type of fire you are attempting to extinguish. Common classes include:

• Class A – Ordinary Combustibles such as wood, cloth, paper, etc.
• Class B – Flammable Liquids such as gasoline, oil, and grease.
• Class C – Energized Electrical Equipment such as appliances and wiring.
• Class D – Metal Fires such as magnesium, titanium, etc.
• Class K – Kitchen fires; Class K extinguishers are specially designed for cooking oils and fats.

General Tips:

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) publishes a list of guidelines that should be followed when using portable fire extinguishers. The guidelines include:

1. Always keep a portable fire extinguisher in the kitchen area.
2. Make sure everyone in your family knows how to use a fire extinguisher, and if necessary, make sure your kids also learn its proper use.
3. Remember that you should not try to fight any major fires by yourself. You should always get assistance from the Fire Department.
4. Always inspect your extinguishers regularly to see if they are in proper working condition.
5. It is recommended that you keep at least one type A, B, or C fire extinguisher on each level of your house.